Improvement in manufacture of pyrogenic oils



Unirse @rares arrivi trice.

L. ATVOOD, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

IMPROVEMENT EN MANUFACTURE OF PYROGENIC OILS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. lflldt, dated December2S, 1858.

To LZZ whom, 'it may concern, .1

Be it known that I, LUTHER ArwooD, of the city of Brooklyn, in thecounty of Kings and State of New Yorl ,`have invented a new and usefulmethod of manufacturing oils from bitumens, resins, schist, and fattybodies that yield pyrogenic oils and that are soluble, or in partsoluble, in the products of their decomposition, and that melt orintuniesce during decomposition, also coal, peat, wood, and othersubstances yielding pyrogenic oils. which may be worked by this process;and I do hereby declare the following to be a full and exact descriptionof my invention and the apparatus I use, reference being had to theannexed drawings, forming a part of this speci' iication, in which-Figure 6 represents a Vertical longitudinal section of a form ofapparatus I use, showing detached view of condenser broken off from pipeII, Fig. 7, horizontal section of Fig. 6 through dotted line 7, Fig. 8,horizontal section of Fig. G through dotted line 8; Fig. 9, transversesection of Fig. G through dotted line 9; Fig.l l0, transverse section ofFig. 6 through dotted line 10; Fig. 11, longitudinal -section ofmodification of Fig. 6; Fig. l2, horizontal section of Fig. Il throughdotted line 1l.

Letter A', Fig. 6, represents a distillingchamber with a suitableopening and stopper,

B, for the purpose of charging and removing the residue.

A is a fire-place or combustion-tower, in which coke or other fuel isburned on grate G. G is a man-hole stopped air-tight, used to clean outthe ash pit or cavity D, which connects by passage E with theheating-fines F, which heat the floor Z of the distilling-cham ber, andconduct the current of products of combustion induced by a jet of steam,let in at K, into the draft-pipe H from the combustion-tower into thedistilling-chainber at E2 E2, just behind the bridge-wall Z'. This hotcurrent of the products of combustion on its way to the draft-pipe IIpasses over the bridgewall Z/ and strikes down onto the surface of themass of bitumen or other substance to be decomposed, which is depositedon the floor between the bridge-wall and the opening B, and by theaction of the heat decompositionis effected or assisted, and the vaporsarisingy :from decomposition are taken up by the cur-f .rent as theyform. and removed from the dis= tillingchamber through the draft-pipe Hto the worin-condenser in the tub of water L, where the greater part ofthe crude oil is separated from the mixed current, the more volatileproducts of decomposition and the products of combustion escaping at O,after being washed by a jet of water from the rose of pipe P, the crudeoil being collected in the dip-pipe M, and, passing around the diaphragmtherein, Hows out at Q, accompanied by water, from which it may beseparated by permitting the whole to discharge into a Vessel from whichthe water can pass out through a hole in the bottom, andthe oil be drawnolif at the top. Xis a damperin passage E, which should be closed whenthe residue is removed, as should also the valve Y in the pipe H. Thesteam-jet pipe K is provided with a suitable valve, to control the forceof the jet, as is also the water-jet l?, and they are to be respectivelyconnected in a suitable manner to a highpressure steam-boiler and afountain-head or force-pump. The object of thesteam-jet being merely toinduce a current, it may be placed atany convenient point where it willproduce and properly control a current of products of combustion throughthe apparatus, say at the end of pipe O.

I would here state that though I prefer to use a steam-jet, because itis easily governed, I will adopt any known controllable means ofinducing or impelling a properly-regulated current of the products ofcombustion through the apparatus and in contact with the surface of thebody to be decomposed.

In the modification of the apparatus as shown in Figs. ll and l2, theproducts of combustion pass directly into the distilling-chamber fromthe combustion-tower A through the passage E E, the door being heated,when desired, by the products of combustion from the furnace Y passingthrough passageNX and heating-fines IV. This form is well adapted forsubstances that intumesce.

In my process I prefer to use the downward draft through the fire,4because it affords facility of supplying fuel to the fire withoutadmitting atmospheric air to the distilling-chamber, which would causecombustion to take place therein; but whatever combustion-chamber isused care must be taken to regulate the draft and nre, so that no moreair passes in than is deprived of its free oxygen by the fire,

and that the chamber and opening and manhole be stopped air-tight,except the openings for ingress and egress of the current of products ofcombustion. Gare must also be taken to regulate the heat so thatdecomposition will take place at thelowest temperature or at asuflieiently low temperature to forni oleaginous vapor and avoid theformation of the gases and volatile products which are the products ofdecomposition at high temperatures. The floor and sides of thedistilling-chamber, which, as shown in the drawings, are built of brick,may be, when used for iiuid substances, lined with metal; or the entirechamber may be made of metal.

Though I consider the method herein described as more particularlyapplicable to substances that inclt during decomposition or are solublein the products of their decomposition, and prefer the process I havedescribed in a former specification for coals and similar substances7wherein the current ot' surface of the mass operated on7 with or withoutthe aid ot' external heat, substantially as hereinbefore described, andfor the purposes hereinbefore sct forth.

LUTHER AIWOOD.

Vitn esses:

I. McGUNN, DANL. M. OBRIEN..

